Who is noted for advocating a professional model of policing?

August Vollmer is recognized for advocating a professional model of policing, which emphasized the importance of police professionalism, education, and the adoption of scientific methods in law enforcement. He believed in creating a police force that was well-trained, accountable, and engaged in the principles of ethical conduct and community relations. Vollmer's influence helped shift the perception of police work from that of a manual, often corrupt profession to one that required specialized training and a focus on public service.

His advocacy included the establishment of the first police school in the United States at the University of California, Berkeley, which helped formalize police education and training and set standards for police departments nationwide. This framework laid the groundwork for modern policing practices that stress the importance of integrity, effective investigation techniques, and community involvement, which are pivotal in today's law enforcement agencies.

The other individuals mentioned also played significant roles in policing and law enforcement, but their contributions do not center as squarely on the professional model that Vollmer championed. Sir Robert Peel is often known for developing the principles of policing that emphasize community trust, while J. Edgar Hoover is noted for his leadership in the FBI and not specifically for a professional model of policing.