At what BPM do cognitive processing and perceptual narrowing start to deteriorate?

Cognitive processing and perceptual narrowing begin to deteriorate at 175 beats per minute (BPM). At this level of physiological arousal, the brain's ability to process information effectively declines due to the high stress or anxiety that can overwhelm cognitive functions. This phenomenon occurs as a result of the body's fight-or-flight response; heightened heart rates lead to increased adrenaline levels, which can impair decision-making and focus.

As individuals reach this BPM, their ability to perceive their environment accurately becomes limited, often resulting in tunnel vision or a narrowed focus on immediate threats, while other important stimuli may be overlooked. Understanding this threshold is crucial for law enforcement and other decision-makers in high-stress situations, as recognizing the limits of cognitive functioning can directly influence strategies for managing emergencies and maintaining operational effectiveness.